What Is an Actuator? Everything You Need to Know
TL;DR
An actuator is a device that converts energy—typically electrical, hydraulic, or pneumatic—into motion. This motion can be linear or rotary, and actuators are critical in everything from robotics and home automation to aerospace and industrial automation. In this guide, we break down what actuators are, how they work, and how to choose the right one for your application.
An actuator is a mechanical device that converts energy into motion—linear or rotary. It powers automation in homes, vehicles, factories, and more. This guide explains how actuators work, their types, real-world uses, and how to choose the right one.
Types of Actuators
1. Linear Actuators
These actuators produce straight-line motion and are ideal for lifting, sliding, and pushing.
See linear actuator project ideas
2. Rotary Actuators
These generate rotational motion for valves, arms, or rotating panels.
By Power Source
Electric Actuators
- Clean and programmable
- Perfect for home and automation projects
Hydraulic Actuators
- High force output
- Used in heavy machinery
Pneumatic Actuators
- Fast and responsive
- Common in factories and tools
How Electric Actuators Work
Electric actuators use motors to rotate a screw, which pushes a shaft to create linear motion. Internal limit switches control travel range.
How Actuators Work
What Are Actuators Used For?
- Home: TVs, desks, hidden doors
- Automotive: Spoilers, hatches
- Industrial: Robotics, valves
- Medical: Adjustable beds, lifts
25 actuator home automation ideas
Choosing the Right Actuator
| Factor | Details |
|---|---|
| Force | How much weight it must move |
| Stroke Length | Distance it needs to travel |
| Speed | How fast it needs to move |
| Duty Cycle | How frequently it runs |
| Voltage | 12V, 24V, or 110V options |
Electric vs Hydraulic vs Pneumatic Actuators
| Type | Clean? | Noise | Precision |
|---|---|---|---|
| Electric | ✅ | ✅ Quiet | ✅ Precise |
| Hydraulic | ❌ Messy | ❌ Loud | Moderate |
| Pneumatic | ✅ | ❌ Noisy | ❌ Less precise |
FAQs
What's the difference between an actuator and motor?
Motors rotate. Actuators often convert that rotation into linear movement using mechanical systems.
Are actuators waterproof?
Yes, many actuators are waterproof — especially those with higher IP ratings. Models rated IP65, IP66, or higher are fully sealed for use in outdoor, marine, or other harsh environments. Lower IP-rated actuators are best suited for indoor applications.
Want to understand what each IP rating means? Check out our full guide: IP-Ratings Explained
Where can I get help selecting the ideal actuator?
Not sure which actuator you need, how much force is required, or what stroke length to choose? Use our Actuator Calculator — just enter a few known values like weight, angle, and basic dimensions, and it will calculate the ideal actuator specifications for your project. Try it here: Actuator Calculator
Why FIRGELLI?
We invented the first linear actuator for home use and have over 25 years of experience. We offer high-precision, quiet, and reliable actuators with fast shipping and expert support.
Conclusion
Actuators make movement happen. From opening doors to operating spacecraft, they’re essential for automation. Whether you need an actuator for your next home project or industrial solution, FIRGELLI has what you need.
